Stratified tanks for heat storage - Interface control and re-establishment
Effective heat storage methods are essential for maximising energy efficiency of non-continuous, variable rate, and batch processes. One common heat storage method when using fluids as a storage medium is a stratified tank, which stores fluid at two or more dissimilar temperatures within the same tank. The density difference between the different temperature fluid is exploited in order to achieve the distinct zones. The control of the interface between the hot and cold fluid regions is vital to minimise mixing and interface growth and ensure the smooth operation of the storage tank. An experimental programme was conducted using a scale model of an industrial stratified tank and examined the behaviour and growth of the hot-cold interface under various operating conditions. Furthermore methods were investigated in an attempt to re-establish the interface after extensive mixing. It was found that siphoning of the thermocline region was an effective strategy for interface re-establishment. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was also employed to model various aspects of the stratified tank including heat transfer via the tank wall and turbulence levels through inlet diffusers.