In this study we investigate the performance of a new type of protective clothing that varies its properties with temperature. Heat absorption due to phase change within the material is used to limit the heat conduction of the material. Presently a similar material is used for divers dry suits and we investigate the possibility of using these types of materials as protective clothing for firefighters. A model of heat transport for this type of material is presented. We investigate the distribution of temperature within the fabric during the exposure to different fire situations, particularly flash fires.
To determine the protective nature of the clothing, we also model of the skin as three layers with differing thermal properties - the epidermis, dermis and the subcutaneous layer. In our model, we have also incorporated the air gap between the garment and the body.
The mathematical model is used to predict the duration of fire exposure during which the garment is able to protect the firefighter from getting first, second and third degree burns. We also compare the severity of burns from such a material with other types of protective outfits.
Recommendations regarding the design of these types of protective clothing, including the effects of air gaps, are presented.