The world is facing a major energy crisis due to the short supply of fossil fuels. Approximately 86% of the energy used in the world is fossil fuels, all of which are naturally hydrophobic. These include oil, coal, bitumen in oil sands, kerogen in oil shale, and methane hydrate. Further, much of these energy resources are formed and/or recovered in aqueous environments. Therefore, proper understanding of the nature of hydrophobicity and hydrophobic interactions is important in resource engineering. Coalescence of oil droplets, coagulation of coal particles, and self-assembly of hydrocarbon chains are some of the well known hydrophobic interactions. It has been suggested that the bubble-particle attachment and bubble coalescence occurring in flotation may also be considered hydrophobic interactions, in which hydrophobic force plays an important role. In this presentation, a flotation kinetic model developed by considering both surface and hydrodynamic forces will be discussed, along with the possible origin(s) of the hydrophobic force. In addition, the hydrophobic hydration mechanism associated with the formation of methane hydrate will be discussed. It is believed that the methane hydrate represents the largest untapped fossil energy resource remaining in the world.